Which protocols are used to expose YANG data models?

All the mentioned protocols—NETCONF, RESTCONF, and gRPC—play a significant role in exposing YANG data models, making the choice of selecting all of them as the answer accurate.

NETCONF is a network management protocol that allows for the retrieval and configuration of data on network devices. It uses XML for its encoding and provides capabilities for operations like getting or editing configurations, which means it can effectively work with YANG data models that represent configuration and state data.

RESTCONF, on the other hand, is a RESTful API that leverages HTTP methods to interact with YANG models. It uses JSON or XML for encoding data and is designed to provide a simpler interface compared to NETCONF. RESTCONF is particularly useful for web-based applications and for environments that favor RESTful web services, providing developers with an easy way to integrate network configurations into existing web architectures.

gRPC is an open-source remote procedure call framework that utilizes HTTP/2 as its transport protocol. It supports multiple programming languages and can use protocol buffers for encoding data. gRPC can expose YANG models in a modern, efficient manner, catering to scenarios where high performance and language interoperability are necessary.

Together, these protocols enable the interaction with YANG models in various environments, providing